Religious and secular value divides in Western Europe: A cross-national comparison (1981–2008)

Studies on cultural divisions in Western European politics typically combine two different value divides. The first divide is moral traditionalism versus progressiveness, which pits the religious and secular against each other matters of procreation, family gender roles. second one authoritarianism libertarianism, captures opposition between high- low-educated about basically attitudes towards immigration law order. Since religiously inspired secular, this article systematically distinguishes them studies whether secularization Europe affects differently. We perform multilevel regression analysis using Values Study data (four waves, 1981–2008) for 17 countries. Our findings show that issues declines with secularization, while becomes wider.